a) You come across a strange place where 2 types of people live. The additors, who always tell the truth, and the subtractors, who always lie. Weirder still, if you ask an additor and a subtractor a question at the same time, they will both lie. And, if you ask 2 subtractors a question at the same time, they will both tell the truth. The same goes if they say something together (both additor + subtractor and 2 subtractor). However, 2 additors never answer together. (When the truth is told, everything in the statement is true. When a lie is told, everything in the statement is false)
i) On the road, you come to a split in the road, where it diverges into 2 paths. 1 path leads to your destination (the grove of Great Power! Or whatever, the place mentioned by the Minister), the other does not, but you don’t know which goes where. Fortunately, you meet 2 people at the split. Unfortunately, one of them is a additor, and the other is a subtractor, but you don’t know who is who. They both know which the correct path is. As you are in a hurry, you can only spend time to ask 1 question to 1 person. What question will you ask to get the right path?
ii) Along the path, you meet a bunch of 4 locals, A, B, C, and D.
A says: “There is at least one additor and one subtractor among us”.
B says: “Liar!”
This prompts C and D to say together: “Liar!”
Who is who?
iii) Nearing your destination, you meet yet another bunch of locals. This time, there are 5 of them: E, F, G, H, I. Fed up with the confusing statements of the previous bunch, you decide to ask before they can say anything.
Pointing at E and F, you ask, “How many subtractors are there?”
They reply: “Two”
Before you can ask another question, G pipes in, “No, it’s three!”
Much to your exasperation, H and I join in also.
I: “I am not a subtractor!
H: “But E is!”
After some thinking, you realize that you can infer who are the additors and subtractors from their statements. So who are they?
iv) Feeling pleased with yourself for being so smart, you arrive at your destination. There, you encounter a kooky old local. You hear him muttering to himself
“If I’m an additor, then my wife is a subtractor.”
Eh?
v) Still a bit dazed by your encounter with that eccentric old man, you run, literally, into a cranky couple: J and K
They say together: “I think you got a good pair of eyes, little one.”
Then J tells K: “We really think so.”
K replies: “No, we do not”
J then grumbles: “Then we’re both liars”
Who is who?
HAVE FUN :D
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